The seventh day - The day of rest - The Lord's Day
In Genesis 2 we read, "Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array" and in verse 3, "And GOD blessed the seventh day and made it holy because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done." So Shabbat was instituted in the very beginning.
In Exodus 20 v8-11 we find the fourth of the Ten Commandments, "Remember the Sabbath by keeping it holy, six days you shall labour and do all your work but the seventh is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. The rest also applied to servants and animals.
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"The LORD said to Moses, "Speak to the Israelites and say to them: These are my appointed feasts, the appointed feasts of the Lord, which you are to proclaim as sacred assemblies. There are six days when you may work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath, a day of sacred assembly. You are not to do any work; wherever you live, it is a Sabbath to the Lord."" ( Leviticus 23 v1-3 )
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Isaiah 56 v6,7 refers to foreigners who bind themselves to the Lord. "All who keep the Sabbath without desecrating it and who hold fast to my covenant - these I will bring to my holy mountain and give them joy in my house of prayer."
In Ezekiel 20, God is recounting his faithfulness to his people and says ( v12 ) "Also I gave them my Sabbaths as a sign between us, so they would know that I, the LORD made them holy."
Isiah 58 v13 says " ...........if you will call the Sabbath a delight, then you will find your joy in the LORD and I will cause you to ride on the heights of the land." Jews celebrate Shabbat as a joyful family centred occasion.
In Matthew 12 v1 -8 we read that Jesus came into conflict with with strict and joyless religious people after his disciples plucked ears of corn and rubbed them in their hands to eat on Shabbat. He then taught on the real purpose of Shabbat. In verses 9 to 13 Jesus healed on Shabbat, causing them to plot his death.
(Shabbat is just the name of the seventh day of the week. It is pronounced Shabbos by Ashkenazi Jews).
Erev Shabbat
Erev means evening. This is on our Friday evening. It is the start of the celebration of the Sabbath. Shabbat starts at sunset on Friday and runs to sunset on Saturday, as do all Jewish days. Shabbat is welcomed in as a bride would be.
Celebrating Erev Shabbat - From "The Jewish Kitchen"
The table is set and a pot of food is ready on the stove (to save Mother cooking on Shabbat)
On the table, with the meal, are two Loaves ( Challah or hallah) under an embroidered cloth remembering the double portion of manna GOD sent on the day before Shabbat during the exodus.
There is a goblet for blessing the wine. (Bread and wine were important in Jewish temple worship)
There are two candles in candlesticks.
Mother has the honoured tradition of lighting the candles. She
does this with her head covered. She warms her hands over the flames,
making a beckoning motion over the flames (to welcome in Shabbat, which is
regarded as a person) 
She covers her
eyes and recites the Kidoosh (blessing) and prays for her family.
"Baruch ata
Adonai, Eloheynu, Melech ha Olam,
asher kidshanu b'mitzvah tov vitsavanu l'hadlich ner shel shabbat"
"we praise you, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us
by Your commandments, and enjoined us to kindle the Sabbath lights."
There is a response for everyone,
"May the Lord bless us with Sabbath joy.
May the Lord bless us with Sabbath holiness.
May the Lord bless us with Sabbath peace." (shalom)
The family members greet each other "Shabbat shalom ! "
(The Sabbath scene in the film "Fiddler on the roof" gives the atmosphere of this celebration)
(It was through a woman that sin entered our world (in the garden of Eden) but through a woman light came into the world in Jesus.)
Father blesses the children and praises his wife "Who can find a virtuous woman ? Her price is far above rubies. ......" ( Proverbs 31 v10,11. ) ( a practice worth reviving if Mum gets taken for granted in our households)
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(The writing around the cup says borey pri hagafen".)
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They all wash their hands. ( this is a spiritual act as they will have come to the table with hands already washed)
Father (Abba) blesses the bread. .
"Baruch ata
Adonai, Eloheynu, Melech ha Olam hamotzi lechem min ha aretz"
(Blessed art thou o Lord our God, Ruler of the universe, who brings forth bread
from the earth) Father then cuts up the Challah and distributes
it. Everyone dips their piece lightly in salt.
The family then enjoys a leisurely meal, talk and meditation and maybe some songs, and the children are encouraged to ask questions. This is the central part of their upbringing in the faith. (Affairs of the world are avoided)
Next morning there are services at the Synagogue.
Havdalah (Separation)
The end of Shabbat - motza'ei Shabbat - ( Saturday sunset) is marked by Havdalah. This is bidding farewell to Shabbat until next week. It is permitted to light fire again, so a plaited candle is lit and everyone smells the sweet spices in a spice box and the pleasant smell spreads through the house. This is a symbol of the hope for peace until next Shabbat. After the blessing, the candle is put out by dipping it in a cup of wine..
Shabbat for US ?
Should we Christians (ex Gentiles grafted into Israel) be celebrating Shabbat rather than Sunday? The New Testament does not order us to observe any day. In Jesus, we are free from the old legalism with which many observed the Sabbath; or we should be. Some Christians apply a legalistic Sabbath observance to Sunday, claiming it is the Sabbath. They have lost the joy of the Jewish Shabbat but retained the legalism.
Sunday, Resurrection Day, is a wonderful thing, and it follows the principle of observing a day of rest and worship. Perhaps we are not being called to abandon Sunday but to look at the baby we threw out with the bathwater. We should also challenge traditional assumptions which originated in Anti-Semitism and replacement theology. Church History Christian Calendar
Many believe that the disciples started Sunday worship, but there is no evidence for this. Early believers continued to celebrate Shabbat, as Yeshua / Jesus always did. Acts 13 v42-44 refers to Paul (Rabbi Sha'ul) regularly attending Synagogue on Shabbat. Acts 20 v7-11 suggests Sunday worship "On the first day of the week we came together to break bread . . . . . . because he intended to leave next day." However, the meeting must have been after sunset on ( our Saturday ) evening, which would have been the start of the first day of the week. In the morning on that day ( our Sunday ) they set off on their journey. Also in 1 Corinthians 16 v2 (CJB) there is reference to setting aside offerings at motza'ei Shabbat - Saturday evening - during believers' meetings.
Sunday worship was introduced much later. The Saturday Sabbath was observed in England until some time around the 1200s. Certainly Sunday is not the Sabbath day of the fourth commandment, and it is illogical to use that to defend Sunday, even though Sunday is worth defending until God gives us something better.
Celebrating Shabbat (or other bible feasts) is not a sin or negation of the grace of Jesus, in the sense of putting ourselves under works and the Law. As long as we do not go back to seeking to be justified by works or observances we can celebrate Shabbat in the light of Yeshua the Messiah.
Collosians 2 v16 says, "Do not let anyone judge you by what you eat or drink or with regard to religious festivals or Sabbaths. These are a shadow of what is to come"
We should not fear exploring Old Testament feasts with our Lord who loves us so well, or with Jewish brothers. " Perfect love drives out fear" (1 John 4 v18) ( Verse 20 says, "if anyone says "I love GOD" yet hates his brother he is a liar......." That must be true of hating our elder brothers, the Jews.
Hebrews 4 v9 says, "There remains a Sabbath rest for the people of GOD." Is this for the individual in the next life, for the believer on conversion, or GOD'S World plan ? Probably it is all three.
Peter said in 2 Peter 3 v8, "With the LORD ...... a thousand years are like a day...."
There were approximately 2000 years from Adam to Abraham, 2000 years from Abraham to Jesus and another 2000 brings us approximately to the present. That makes it nearly time for the world's Sabbath Rest; the thousand year reign of Yeshua ha Massiach ! ( The Millenium that really matters.)